D-7 Trans Fatty Acids

The dietary fats include trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids.

Trans Fatty Acids

Trans fatty acids occue naturally in very small amount in beef, pork, lamb, butter, and milk (1% and 10% of total fat content). A lot of amount of trans fatin process diets known as hydrogenation - a chemical mnufacturing process used to convert unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids to turn liquids into solids for the purpose for long shelf lives, e.g. margarine.

Trans fatty acids in processed foods, including cakes, pies, cookies, biscuits, breakfast sacdwiches, margarines, crackers, microwave popcorn, cream-filled candies, dough-nuts, ready-to-use dough, and both dairy and non-dairy coffee creamers, and particully hydrogenated vegetable oil (less or zero cholesterol) it cause more metabolic damage than cholesterol.

Trans fatty acids relate with an increasing list of cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart disease, strke, arthrosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure, even a smal amount of trans fats can directly elevate LDL cholesterol, reduce HDL cholesterol, cause vascular inflammation and accelerate the development of arthrosclerosis plaques both in the heart and in the peripheral blood vessels, implicated in cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and depresion.

Studies are shown people eat more industrial trans fat have a great risk for Alzheimer's disease. a lots of evidences have shown that trans fats directly impair the ability of pancreas beta cells to respond to glucose in both animals and cell culture.

Harvard T. H. Chan , School of Public Health, performed an analysis on data from 200,000+ individuals showed that a higher intake of trans fatty acids was associted with a higher rick of type diabetes over 14 years course test.

So, avoid trans fats in our diet to prevent from getting many chroic diseases, including diabetes, we would better follow the <Mastering Diabetes> method.

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D-7 转脂肪酸

当人们食入过多的转脂肪酸，会引起胰岛素抵抗，和高血糖，因为不同类型的脂肪，对胰岛素抵抗有不同的作用，也有对血糖不同的控制作用。

转脂肪酸的由来和作用

转脂肪酸天然存在于很少量的牛肉，猪肉，羊肉，奶油，和牛奶中 （占总脂类含量的1%-10%）。饮食中大量转脂肪来自羟化过程 - 是一种食品工业的化学制作过程，即将不饱和脂肪酸变成饱和脂肪酸，使液体变成固体，为了能在货物架上长久保存。如人造牛油。

在加工食品中含有很多转脂肪酸，包括蛋糕，饼，小甜点心，小馒头，早餐的夹心面包片，人工奶油，薄脆的饼干，微波炉烤的爆米花，奶油甜点心，烤干果，即时可用的生面团，牛奶和非牛奶的咖啡乳剂，和部分羟化的植物油（所谓的低或零胆固醇），它比食物胆固醇引起更多的代谢性损伤。

转脂肪酸相关于增加心血管病，包括充血性心脏病，脑中风，动脉硬化，高胆固醇，高血压。甚至很小量的转脂肪能直接升高低密度脂蛋白（LDIL）胆固醇，和降低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇，并引起血管的炎症，和加速发展为动脉硬化性斑块堵在心脏和周围血管是生命的危险，降低认知能力，引起阿兹海默氏病，迟呆病，和抑郁症。较多地食入工业转脂类食物，有患阿兹海默氏病的危险很大，可以直接损伤脑中的神经元，或间接地增加胆固醇水平以致阿兹海默氏症的产生。

许多研究证明转脂类直接损伤胰脏B细胞对葡萄糖的反应，这在动物和细胞培养中均已证明。

哈佛大学公共卫生学院 T。H。Chan 研究了200，000多的个人后指出，高转脂肪酸的食入历经14年的检查，有高度危险患2型糖尿病。

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