D-8 Saturated Fatty Acid

Excess Saturated fatty acids in our body cause insulin resistance and many chronic diseases, including diabete complications.

Fatty acids are found in all whole foods, but mainly in meats, poultry, fish, shelf fish, dairy products (butter,cheese, milk, yogurt, sour cream, ice cream, and whipped cream), and eggs; also high amount of in plant foods including vegetable oil, coconut oil, kernel palmoil, cocoa butter, avocados, coconuts, nuts, and seeds.

Low carbohydrate and high fat diet with high saturated fatty acids may results in low blood glucose levels and a low A1C value in a short term, but a lot of scientific research have clearly demonstrated that saturated fats are powerful trigger for insulin resistance and increase the risk for coronary artery disease, high cholesterol, and cancer, increase overoll risk for many chronic diseses and mortality (early death) in the long term.

The authors' in their <Marstering Diabetes> book, first in a lab. animals are fed high saturated fat-diets to induce obesity and insulin resistance that cannot cure of diabetes.

Saturated fatty acids directly interfere with insulin signaling within hours of entering muscle and liver cells, inhibiting muscle and liver to update glucose from the blood uptake, large amont of saturated fatty acids intake (>10 gram/day) triggers lots of biochemical reactions in the muscle, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues, which rapidly create an insulin resistance and last for 1-2 days minimum and continue for weeks, months, or years depending the amount of saturated fats in diets and frequently eat it inside muscle and liver cells, the presence of excess saturated fatty acids activate intracellular signals as:

1. Reduce the number of insulin receptors on cell surface.

2.Impair insulin receptors by changing their stucture on cell membrane.

3.Reduce the ability of glucose transport vesicles (GLUT vesicles) not to import glucose into cells from the blood.

4.Increase radical production in metochondia when adipose tissue accumulates excess fatty acids overtime , macrophages invade and secret inflammatory cytokines that create low grade inflammation and directly inhibit the action of trapping glucose and insulin in the blood not for use, then the excess fatty acids directly impair pancreas' beta cells to produce and secret insulin, because beta cells have limited antioxidnt self-defense mechanisms, which makes them easy targets for cell death.

High saturated fatty acid diets also damage for the liver getting fatty liver disease, then become liver cirrhosis with liver insulin resistance and liver inflammation and increase liver to release more glucose and triglycerides in to the blood leading blood glucose, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol increased that higher risk for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

The more LDL-cholesterol people have in their blood, the greater their risk for coronary artery disease, lower saturated fatty acid to 1-5 gram per day not to threat to glucose metabolism, the intake of large amount of saturated fats more than 10 grams per day triggers insulin resistance in tissues .

Reducing total LDL-cholesterol, focus on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids and higher intake of carbohydrate pant-based whole foods in the <Mastering Diabetes> method make the lifestyle changes to reduce insulin resistance, reducing blood glucose for recovery of diabetes also reducing blood LDL-cholesterol levels to prevent heart disease.

Learn more from the <Mastering Diabetes> method and order this book online, click the red "Order" button"

D-8 饱和脂肪酸

体内过多的饱和脂肪酸，可引起胰岛素抵抗，从而产生多种慢性病，包括糖尿病并发症。

阅读如何减少饱和脂肪酸食入，网上订购《控制糖尿病》书，点击“订购”键：

饱和脂肪酸存在于多种食物中，主要存在于动物食品中，如肉类，禽类，鱼，壳鱼，奶制品（奶油，奶酪，牛奶，酸奶，冰淇淋），也存在于植物食品中，如菜籽油，椰子油，花生酱，椰子酱，干果，和种子等。

低碳水化合物和高饱和脂肪酸饮食，可能短期降低血糖水平和A1C值，许多科学研究者已清楚地证明，长期食入饱和脂肪酸可强力引发胰岛素抵抗，促进人体产生动脉硬化症，增加疾病危险，如冠心病，高胆固醇症，癌瘤，引起许多慢性病，和增加死亡率（即早死亡）。

两位作者在他们写的书《控制糖尿病》里，提到他们曽给实验动物喂食高饱和脂类的饮食，诱导出肥胖症，出现胰岛素抵抗，和不能治愈的糖尿病。

食入饱和脂肪酸于几小时，即可进入肌肉和肝脏细胞，直接干扰胰岛素信息传导，抑制从血中摄取葡萄糖。如大量食入饱和脂肪酸（大于10克/每天），可出现许多的生物化学反应，肌肉，肝脏，胰腺，和脂肪组织迅速地产生胰岛素抵抗，并持续至少1-2天，并继续数周，数月，或数年，决定于食入量和食入频率。

肌肉和肝脏细胞中存在过量饱和脂肪酸，激活细胞内的信息如下：

1.减少细胞表面的胰岛素受体的数目。

2.损伤胰岛素受体是通过改变它在膜上的结构。

3.降低葡萄糖转运囊的能力，使它不能将血中葡萄糖转运进入细胞。

4.增加线粒体内的自由基；当脂肪组织内堆积过多脂肪酸，时间长后，巨噬细胞侵入并分泌炎性细胞因子并产生低度的炎症反应和直接抑制胰岛素的作用，使血中的胰岛素不能被葡萄糖使用；多量的脂肪酸还可直接损伤胰脏的B细胞生产和分泌胰岛素。因为B细胞有很有限的抗氧化的自卫机制，被攻击后易死亡。

高饱和脂肪酸也损伤肝脏，产生脂肪肝，继而产生肝硬化，出现肝胰岛素抵抗和炎症，释放多量的葡萄糖和甘油三酯进入血液，导致血中葡萄糖，甘油三酯，和LDL胆固醇升高，从而增加患动脉硬化和心脑血管病的危险。

如降低饮食中的饱和脂肪酸到1-5克/每天，不会影响体内的糖代谢。也降低血中LDL胆固醇含量，按照《控制糖尿病》方法的食入碳水化合物，植物全食物-改变生活方式，降低胰岛素抵抗，以降低血葡萄糖，逆转糖尿病，降低饱和脂肪酸的食入， 以降低血中LDL胆固醇水平，防治心脏病。

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